农村汉族和少数民族劳动力转移的比较

Rural-Urban Migrationin China:AComparisonbetween Majority and Minority Migrants

本文采用2002年全国农村村寨大样本的调查数据,对我国农村汉族和少数民族劳动力转移进行了实证分析。分析结果说明:与1998年相比,2002年无论是全国平均水平还是汉族和各个少数民族的农村劳动力转移规模都是明显扩大的,但少数民族村劳动力转移的速度慢于汉族村的平均水平。在所选取的7个少数民族中,壮族和苗族的劳动力转移规模超出了汉族村的平均水平,而彝族、满族、回族(主要是位于新疆的回族)、维吾尔族则低于汉族村的平均水平,表现出固守家园的特征。相对闭塞的生活环境和较低的教育水平不利于少数民族劳动力的转移。

This paper studies the rurallabor force movement by means of the data derived from the rural village survey conductedin 2002. Two kinds of rural migrants are compared: the majority Han and the ethnic minorities. The paper shows that, compared with the data in 1998, the general migrationscale enlarged, with the migrants both of the majority and the minoritiesincreasingobviously in 2002, but the increase of the minorities migrants was lower than that of the Hans.Among the sevenethnic minoritieschosen, the migration scale of the Zhuang and Miao is largerthan the average scaleof the Hanvillages, while themigration scale of the Yi, Manchu, Hui (mainly in Xinjiang) and Uygur are lower, reflecting their homeland-orientedcharacter. It is also found that relatively closed circumstanceand low level of education of the ethnic minorities will hinder the movement of the rural labor force.