春砂仁的访花昆虫种类及其访花和筑巢行为

Flower visiting insects of Amomum villosum and their flower visiting and nesting behavior

阳春砂仁(Amomum villosumLour.)是我国四大南药之一,但花的形态结构较特殊,不易自然授粉。通过野外调查,在3个砂仁种植场共采集到砂仁的访花昆虫21种,其中蜜蜂类11种,蚂蚁类10种。蜜蜂类中,以黄绿彩带蜂Nomia strigataSmith和东方蜜蜂中华亚种Apis(Siamatapis)cerana ceranaFabricius较常见;蚂蚁类中,以细纹小家蚁Monomorium destructor(Jerdon)和黑头酸臭蚁Tapinomamelanocephalum(Fabricius)较常见。此外,还观察记录了黄绿彩带蜂、东方蜜蜂和蚂蚁的访花行为,以及黄绿彩带蜂的筑巢行为。

Amomum villosum Lour. has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for more than 1300 years. However, it is difficult for natural pollination due to its specific flower structure. Through investigation in 3 orchards of A. villosum, 21 flower visiting insects were collected and identified, including 11 bees and 10 ants. Nomia strigata Smith and Apis （ Siamatapis ） cerana cerana Fabricius were more than other bees, whereas Monomorium destrctor （Jerdon） and Tapinoma melanocephalum （Fabricius） were dominant in all ants. We also recorded the flower visiting behavior of N. strigata, A. cerana cerana and ants, as well as nesting behavior of N. strigata.