玉米花粉混合破壁法的研究

Studies on Wall-breaking Methods of Corn Pollen

玉米花粉含有丰富的营养物质,不破壁的花粉不易被人体很好地消化吸收。采用温差法、超声波法、酶法和混合法四种方法对玉米花粉进行破壁处理。实验采用L9(33)正交设计。温差法破壁的最优条件是料液比为1:5,温差为90℃,水浴时间为1h。酶法破壁的最优方案是料液比为2%,水浴温度为55℃,水浴时间为12h。混合法是先利用温差法进行破壁,再用超声波法与酶法进行破壁处理。四种方法破壁效果分别为:超声波法31.2%,温差法为46.3%,酶法80.4%,混合法98.6%。酶法和混合法的破壁率极显著地高于超声波法和温差法。混合破壁法效果最好,破壁率达98%以上,具有良好的利用前景。

Corn pollen is rich in nutrients and nutrients in non-wall-breaking pollen can not be well digested by human body. Corn pollen was carried out wall-breaking treatments by four methods such as the temperature difference method, the ultrasonic method, the enzyme method and the synthesis method. The orthogonal design L9（3^3） was applied in experiments. The results showed that the optimum formula was 1：5 of pollen and water, 90℃ of temperature difference, for one hour in the temperature difference method. The optimum formula of the enzyme method was 2% of pollen in water, 55℃ of bathing temperature, for 12 hours. The procedure of synthesis method was that the temperature difference method was used to break pollen wall, then the ultrasonic method and the enzyme method. The results exhibited that the wall-breaking ratio of temperature difference method was 46.3%, the ultrasonic method＇ s was 31.2%, the enzyme method＇ s was 80.4% and the synthesis method＇ s was 98.6%. The wall-breaking ratios of the enzyme method and the synthesis method were very significantly higher than temperature difference method and ultrasonic method. The synthesis method had the highest wall-breaking ratio with favorable utilization.