32周胎龄人胎脑神经干细胞发育状态的研究

Investigation on developmental condition of neural stem cells from human fetal brain at 32w gestational age

目的探讨人同一胎龄胎脑不同部位神经干细胞的发育状态。方法收集胎龄32周的水囊引产胎儿15例。采用免疫组织化学及光镜技术对人胎脑海马、纹状体、室下区、额叶、颞叶、枕叶、顶叶等部位的神经干细胞（NSCs）的分布、形态、生长方式以及数量进行检测。结果32周胎脑海马、纹状体、室下区、额叶、颞叶、枕叶、顶叶等部位均存在NSCs。NSCs呈圆形、椭圆形及星形。以圆形及星形多见；细胞有0～2个突起不等，胞浆丰富，核呈圆形，染色质疏松，1～2个核仁不等。NSCs呈明显的区域性分布，可见群状、集落样、对称分裂、单个存在等生长方式，有的NSCs与其他NSCs形成突触联系。不同部位上述特点有所不同。海马、室下区、纹状体、额叶、颞叶、顶叶、枕叶等7个部位NSCs逐渐减少。检出率差异非常显著。结论人胎脑的海马、室下区、纹状体、额叶、颞叶、顶叶、枕叶等部位均存在NSCs；且同一胎龄不同部位NSCs在分布、形态、生长方式及数量上存在差异。

Objective To investigate the developmental condition of neural stem cells（NSCs） from human fetal brain at 32w gestational age. Methods Fifteen fetal brains at 32w gestational age and by induction of labor with water bag were collected for determining distribution, shapes, growth modes and the number of NSCs in seven regions including hippocampus, striatuma, subventricular zone, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe and occipital lobe with immunohistochemical method under light microscope. Results NSCs existed in seven regions above from human fetal brain at 32w gestational age and included round, oval and cajal. The round and cajal cells were more than the oval cells. NSCs had abundant plasm and enations from 0 to 2. Nucli submitted round and oval shapes, each having nucleoli from 1 to 2 and rarefaction chromatin. NSCs existed in some regions and had four growth modes including crowd, clony, symmetral and single. Enations of NSCs extended to others formed synapse. NSCs in different regions had different characters. NSCs gradually decreased from hippocampus to striatuma to subventricular zone to frontal lobe to temporal lobe to parietal lobe to occipital lobe, there were some obvious differences between them. Conclusions NSCs existed in seven regions including hippocampus, striatuma, subventricular zone, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe and occipital lobe from human fetal brain at 32w gestational age. There are differences on distribution, shapes, growth modes and the number of NSCs in different regions from the same age.