外伤性椎体压缩骨折的流行病学分析

Epidemiologic analysis of traumatic vertebral compression fractures

[目的]研究椎体压缩性骨折的损伤特点和流行病学趋势,为防治提供参考。[方法]收集2001年以来549例外伤性椎体压缩性骨折病历和伤残鉴定资料,分析伤者的年龄性别特点、骨折椎体节段、致伤原因、治疗方式与评价,用u检验和x2检验作统计分析。[结果]椎体压缩性骨折的高发年龄男49.6±13.2岁,女54.5±13.9岁,骨折节段以L1和T12最为常见,骨折椎体分布男女无显著差异(P>0.05),单个椎体压缩性骨折非手术治疗和内固定治疗后的伤残等级有显著差异(P<0.05),在公交车内发生的椎体压缩性骨折中女性显著多于男性(P<0.05),急刹车是公交车内椎体压缩性骨折的主要原因(P<0.05);潜在的骨质疏松症和脊柱退化等是老年人椎体压缩骨折的常见原因。[结论]应采取积极的措施防治老年人椎体压缩性骨折,如加强对骨质疏松症的诊断和治疗、举行针对性的健康教育活动等。

[ Objective ] To study the characteristics of trauma and epidemiologic trend in vertebral compression fractures, and provide reference for prevention and cure. [ Method] Clinical records and appraisal data of 549 cases were collected and reviewed retrospectively in recent 5 years. Age and gender, injured vertebral levels, causes of injury, methods of therapy and assessment were all studied, u and x2 tests were used to assess significance. [ Result ] The old people were more likely to be the victims of vertebral compression fractures （ mean age of men 49.6 ± 13.2 years, mean age of women 54.5 ± 13.9 years） ; L1 and T12 were the mostly involved levels in vertebral compression fractures;There was not significant difference in the distribution of injured vertebral bodies between men and women （ P 〉 0.05 ） ; But there was significant difference in the grade of disability between internal fixation and conservative therapy in single vertebral body （ P 〈 0.05 ）. There were more female victims of vertebral compression fractures than male and sudden brake was the main cause of vertebral compression fractures in buses （ P 〈0. 05 ）. Potential osteoporosis and degeneration of vertebral body were the regular reasons of the old victims. [ Conclusion ] We should take some positive actions, such as diagnosis and therapy in osteoporosis, health education etc, to prevent vertebral compression fractures in old people.