不同采集作业方式对森林景观生态的影响

Effects of different harvesting ways on forest landscape ecology

通过研究人工林伐区不同采集作业方式对森林景观生态的影响,结果表明:皆伐对森林景观生态的影响大于择伐,带状皆伐的影响大于块状皆伐,伐区间隔排列的影响大于连续顺序排列,大面积皆伐的影响大于小面积皆伐;择伐对森林景观生态的影响随择伐强度的增大而增大,且径级择伐影响大于集约择伐;集材作业对森林景观生态的影响与集材方式有关,其影响由大到小依次为手扶拖拉机、手板车、土滑道、绞盘机和架空索道。随集运材道路网密度的增大,其影响也增大。进而提出减少采集作业对森林生态及景观生态影响的对策。

The analytical results of the effects of different harvesting ways in artificial forest outing areas on forest landscape ecology show that the influence of clear cutting on forest landscape ecology is heavier than that of selective cutting, the impact of belt-shaped clear cutting on forest landscape ecology is more serious than that of lump-shaped clear cutting. The disposing form of cutting area in a sequent plot arrangement is better than that in an interval plot arrangement. The effect of clear cutting in a large cutting area on forest landscape ecology is graver than that of clear cutting in a small cutting area. The influence of selective cutting on forest landscape ecology increases as the intensity of selective cutting is higher, and the effect of selective cutting according to the diameter of wood on forest landscape ecology is heavier than that of intensively selective cutting. The influence of skidding operation on forest landscape ecology is related with skidding ways. The influences of different skidding ways are in the following sequence ： walking tractor skidding 〉 pushing cart skidding〉 dirt chute skidding 〉 winch skidding 〉 suspended cable skidding. The effects of skidding road on forest landscape ecology increase as the density of skidding road increases. And the countermeasures for decreasing effect of harvesting on forest landscape ecology are put forward.