稻秸覆盖对有机茶园土壤生态环境影响的研究

Effects of rice straw mulch on ecological environment of soil in organic tea plantation

对多年稻秸覆盖下有机茶园土壤生态环境的研究表明,稻秸覆盖能改善土壤养分状况,稻秸覆盖处理0～40cm土层中,有机质、全N、全P和速效性N、P、K的平均含量均比对照相应土层高,分别是对照处理的2.00倍、1.87倍、1.66倍、1.91倍、1.91倍、2.56倍;稻秸覆盖能增加土壤微生物主要类群数量,0～40cm土层中,覆盖处理的真菌和细菌分别是对照的3.54倍和4.46倍;稻秸覆盖能增加干季土壤含水量,稻秸覆盖处理的0～10cm、10～20cm和0～30cm各土层的土壤含水量分别比对照相应土层提高了26.24%、13.92%和12.38%;稻秸覆盖能改善土壤动物总数状况,稻秸覆盖处理的0～40cm土层中,土壤动物个体总数是对照处理的1.87倍。因此,稻秸覆盖值得在有机茶园中大力推广。

The characters of ecological environment of soil under rice straw mulch for many years in organic tea plantation were studied. The results indicate that the rice straw mulch can improve the nutrient regime of soil. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphate, and available nitrogen, phosphate, potassium of 0- 40cm soil under rice straw mulch are 2.00 times, 1.87 times, 1.66 times, 1.91 times, 1.91 times, 2.56 times, respectively, of those of the check. The rice straw mulch can increase the amount of soil microoganism. The amounts of fungi and bacteria of 0--40cm soil under rice straw mulch are 3.54 times and 4.46 times, respectively, of those in the check. The rice straw mulch can improve the water status of soil in dry season. The water contents of 0--10cm, 10 -20cm and 0 -30cm soil layers under rice straw mulch are increased by 26.24 %, 13.92 % and 12.38%, respectively, compared to the check. The rice straw mulch can improve the animal conditon of soil. The total amounts of soil animals of 0 -40cm soil layer under rice straw is 1.87 times of that of the check. Therefore, the rice straw mulch should be energetically expanded in organic tea plantation.