温室番茄抗性砧木与栽培品种“毛粉”的病害发生及根围4种真菌的数量比较研究

Comparison of diseases incidence and four fungi abundance between tomato resistant rootstock and cultivar “Maofen” in greenhouse

进行了日光温室番茄抗性砧木(Beaufort SIS-1 ,Lycopersicon lycopersicum×L.hirsutum)嫁接苗(接穗为“毛粉802”)与普通栽培品种“毛粉802”(LycopersicumesculentumMill)的病害发生及其根围4种土栖真菌的数量比较研究。结果表明“毛粉”自根苗的幼苗移栽后死亡率明显高于嫁接苗(P<0.05) ,其主要的致死因子是立枯病(Rhizoctonia solani)、蕨叶病毒病(ToMV)和猝倒病(Pythium aphanidermatum)。番茄收获后期“毛粉”自根苗的根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)病情指数达到80.0 ,明显高于嫁接苗15.1的水平(P<0.05) ,且自根苗根围根结线虫2龄幼虫密度明显高于嫁接苗。在番茄收获期采用选择性培养基测定两番茄品种根围的镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)、木霉菌(Trichodermaspp.)和疫霉菌(Phytophthoraspp.)/腐霉菌(Pythiumspp.)的丰富度,结果表明,除2003年6月和7月镰刀菌数量嫁接苗高于“毛粉”外,嫁接苗根围4种真菌的数量均低于“毛粉”自根苗。因此,该抗性砧木对根结线虫病、立枯病、猝倒病等土传病害具有综合控制作用,可明显抑制根围4种土栖真菌种群数量的增长。

The experiment was conducted in greenhouse in Qingzhou, China from 2002 to 2003 to compare the diseases problems in the field and four fungi abundance in the rhizosphere between two tomato cultivars, the resistant rootstock （Beaufort SIS-1, L ycopersicon lycopersicum × L . hirsutum ） and non-resistant ＂Maofen-802＂ （Maofen, L ycopersicum esculentum Mill）. After transplantation of ＂Maofen＂ and resistant rootstock grafted with ＂Maofen＂, the dead rate of resistant rootstock seedlings in the field was 13.1%, significantly （ T-test, P 〈 0.05 ） lower than 31.3 %, that of ＂Maofen＂ plots. The principal diseases factors involved tomato rhizoctonia rot （Rhizoctonia solani）, tomato fern leaf （ToMV） and tomato damping off （Pythium aphanidermatum ）. In the late period of harvest （June 2003）, the disease index of rootknot nematode in ＂Maofen＂ plots reached 80.0, significantly （P 〈 0.05 ） higher than 15.1 in the resistant rootstock plots. Similarly, the density of the second juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita in 100 grams fresh soil in ＂Maofen＂ plots was 657 individuals ,significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher than 477 ones in resistant rootstock plots. In the harvest period, furthermore, it was found that beside Fusarium spp. in June and July 2003, the abundance （CFU per gram of fresh soil） of each of four fungi in the resistant rootstock rhizosphere was lower than that in ＂Maofen＂ plot. It is concluded ,as compared with ＂Maofen＂, the resistant rootstock shows a good resistance to soil born diseases such as rhizoctonia rot, damping off and root-knot nematode,and an obvious repression effect on the development of four fungi populations, Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp., Phytophthora spp. , Pythium spp. in the rhizosphere.