中国北方沙尘暴与气候因素关系分析

Analysis of connection between dust storm and climate factors in northern China

利用气象观测数据,分析了我国北方沙尘暴发生频次年际变化与气候因素的关系,结果表明:(1)我国北方沙尘暴发生频次与北方大风日数的分布在空间上并不完全一致,沙尘暴的发生频次受区域特征条件影响较大;(2)我国北方沙尘暴发生频次的年际变化呈现减少的趋势,与我国北方温度持续升高,夏季降水量有所增加的趋势有着较好的一致性;(3)我国北方沙尘暴频次的年际和季节变化特点说明降水和温度通过改变地表植被、土壤等特征,影响着区域沙尘暴发生的风险等级。文章最后还提出了沙尘暴风险评估和建立预警系统的建议。

Based on the meteorological observation data, the article analyses the connection between the annual frequency change of dust storm and climate factors in Northern China. The results show that （ 1 ） the frequency of dust storm is not complete consistent with the distribution of wind days in northern China and it is most affected by the regional characteristic conditions; （2） the frequency change of dust storm reflects the decreasing occurrence trend of dust storm, which is fairly consistent with the continual temperature rising and summer precipitation increase in northern China; （3） according to the annual and quarterly frequency change character, precipitation and temperature jointly affected the surface vegetation and soil conditions, which consequently affect the occurrence risk ranks of dust storm. Finally, the article make a suggestion on dust storm risk assessment and establishing dust storm early warning system.