烟区土壤改良技术措施研究

Studies on Techniques for Soil Improvement in Sanming Tobacco Planting Area

本试验对三明烟区土壤改良技术进行了研究。三年定点试验结果表明:种植大麦和稻草还田改良土壤的效果优于其它处理和对照,有助于协调土壤养分的平衡供给和改善土壤结构,其中稻草还田对土壤结构的改善效果最为显著;通过两年施肥量的调整,消除了不同处理对施肥水平的影响,在保证各处理烟株长势均衡,烟碱含量较为理想的前提下进行比较,种植大麦和稻草还田的处理,烟株采烤结束后根量大于其它处理及对照,烤后烟叶均价、上等烟比例和产值明显高于其它处理及对照;稻草还田处理烟株青枯病发病率低于对照。种植大麦能显著减轻烟草青枯病的危害,且在种植当年就表现出了一定的效果,烟株生长后期的耐熟性明显提高。

The studies were conducted on the technology measures for improving the soil in Sanming tobacco planting area. The results showed that the treatments of planting barley and returning rice straw to field had better effects on improving soil than the control and other treatments. These two treatments were helpful to coordinate the soil nutrient balancing of supply and demand ,and improve the soil composition. The effect of returning rice straw to field had the most significant effect on improving the soil composition. The effects were avoided on the different treatments to fertilizer level by regulating the amount of fertilizer, and on the premise of insuring the tobacco plants growth state identical and better nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco, the biomass of tobacco roots, the average price of tobacco leaves, the high quality leaf proportion, and production value of planting barley and returning rice straw to field were all significantly higher than the control and other treatments by the end of tobacco leaves harvest. On the tobacco bacterial disease, the treatment of returning rice straw to field reduced the disease percentage, while the treatment of planting barley significantly reduced the disease percentage at that year, and improved the maturation tolerance in the later growth stage.