俄国现代化艰难启动的文化因素探析

Culture Factors in Russian Hard-started Modernization

从彼得一世改革到1861年的废除农奴制改革,俄国的现代化努力足足用了一个半世纪的时间。俄国现代化的艰难启动有其深刻的文化因素;非东非西的文化特征使俄国历史上的任何改革往往陷入一种困难的境地;东正教伦理是专制王权强有力的精神支柱,其中缺少利于资本主义发展的因素;村社传统抑制了个人主义、自由主义因素和竞争意识的增长;现代化努力过程中的社会政治思想是滞后的,脱离社会现实的。

From the reform of Peter I to the abolition d serf system,Russia＇s attemps in modernization spent as much as a half of a century.＇Ihe hard start of Russian modemization had a deep cultural factor; neither east nor west culture characteristics made any reform in Russian history always fall into a difficult circumstance;the ethics d Orthodox Eastcm Chuch was a strong spiritual support d the despofic royal power, in which there is no elements for development of capitalism; village and community＇s traditions inhibit individualism and liberalism;social political thoughts in the process of trying hard to realize modemization lagged behind and went away from social reality.