哪些内容宜进宪法典?——以宪法目的和稳定性为评判标准

On What Should be Written in the Constitutional Code——Judging by the Objective and Stability of the Constitution

学术界对宪法典内容的构成概括不一,源于标准不清楚。宪法典作为成文宪法国家旨在保障人权的法,其内容合理与否应该以其与人权保障目标的一致性为标准,同时由于宪法典的最高法律效力要求其自身保持稳定性和权威性,因此评价宪法典内容合理与否也应兼以稳定性为标准。据此,有关对国家权力的规范应该是宪法典的主要内容,公民基本权利、国家标志属于可进可不进宪法典的内容,而公民义务、经济制度、基本政策、历史陈述等内容,则不宜进宪法典。

The reason why the academic circles differ on the component of the constitutional code is that the standard of judgment is unclear. Since the constitutional code is the law to safeguard human rights in the country with written form, and the supreme legal validity of the constitutional code demands that the constitutional code should keep its stability and authority, whether the contents of constitutional code are suitable or not, it should be judged by the conformity of contents with the objective of the constitution and the stability of the constitutional code. On this standard, the norms about the power of state should be the main contents of the constitutional code. The fundamental rights of citizens and the mark of state are the contents which could be or could not be written in the constitutional code, and the duty of citizens, the economic institutions, the fundamental policy and the records of history should not be written in the constitutional code.