福楼拜与空想社会主义

Gustave Flaubert and Utopian Socialism

福楼拜自始至终对现代形态的空想社会主义持严厉批评和排斥态度。他认为空想社会主义是一种宗教性话语,是属于中世纪的。其特征是反对自由和法国大革命、排斥哲学和传统文化。它意味着现代专制、反自然和心灵的死亡。同时,福楼拜也反对资本主义。这种态度本质上是福楼拜反抗现代性和现代社会的一种表现。在艺术观上,这种态度也使福楼拜拒绝为文学赋予某种社会使命。

Gustave Flaubert always severely criticizes and rejects Utopian socialism. He regards Utopian socialism as a sort of religious discourse with mediaeval traits. He thinks Utopian socialism, characterized by its objection to freedom and French Revolution as well as its rejection of philosophy and traditional culture, supports modem autarchy, anti-nature, and spiritual death. Meanwhile, Flaubert attacks capitalism. In essence Flaubert＇ s attitude is an expression of his resistance to modernity and modem society. As an artist, Flaubert refuses to endow literature with social mission.