清末民初的民族问题与边疆危机——以蒙古、西藏、新疆地区为例

Nationality Problems and Border Area Crisis in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

清末民初,西方列强侵略中国的步伐大大加速,掀起了瓜分中国的狂潮。它们利用民族、边疆问题,挑拨中央与地方关系,散布分裂主义,策划“独立”,以达到其侵吞中国边疆领土和分裂肢解中国的目的。共同的命运,促使中国各族人民空前地团结起来,共同反对帝国主义侵略,共同维护国家统一和主权领土完整,构成了这一时期民族关系政治纽带的坚实基础。这一时期中国民族关系的一个突出特点,就是各族人民在历史上形成的民族凝聚力日益增强,这是国家利益与民族利益一致的必然结果;中华民族精神得到进一步升华、提炼,并成为各族人民团结奋斗,抵御外侮,共创中华各民族新纪元的强大精神力量。中华民族团结御侮,共同抗击帝国主义侵略者是这一时期中国民族关系的基本特点,并始终成为这一时期中国历史运行的主轴。

In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, the pace of Western powers invading China was greatly accelerated. The Western powers used nationality and border area problems to create conflict between central and local government The Chinese people of all ethnicgroups united against the aggression from imperialists and defended national sovereignty and territorial integrity. The fundamental characteristic of nationality relations in China in this period is that the Chinese nation united against imperialist aggression and it became the main shaft of the period in Chinese history.