20世纪五十年代中国对日本战犯的审判与释放

On the Trial and Release of the Japanese War Criminals by the Chinese Government in the 1950's

抗日战争胜利后,中国国民政府曾对日本战犯本着宽大的原则进行过审判,但是由于二战后美苏之间冷战的蔓延以及中国内战的缘故,日本战犯问题并没有得到彻底解决。中华人民共和国成立后,中国仍关押着日本战争犯罪分子1109人。由于国际形势的缓和、改善中日关系的需要以及侦讯工作的结束,1956年中国政府对日本战犯进行了审判并予以分批释放。处理战犯不仅是法律问题,而且是有关国际斗争的政治问题,是为了争取日本的需要。尽管宽释日本战犯取得了一定的效果,但从总体而言并未达到预期目的。由此也说明,一项对外政策成功与否是建立在对对方国真正了解的基础上,而不是建立在良好愿望上。况且,在现实的国际政治中,宽容必须借助于实力才会收到预期的效果。

After the victory of the Anti - Japanese War, the Chinese gevernment started the trial of the Japanese war criminals with the principle of leniency. Since the Cold War between U.S.A. and U. S. S. R. and the civil war in China,the problem of Japanese war criminals was not settled completely. After the founding of the P. R. C. there were still 1109Japanese war criminals put under/detention in China. Because of the relaxation of international situation and the need of improuing the relalions letween China and Japan, the Chinese gevernment stanted the trial and released in batches the Japanese war Criminals in 1956. The trial and release of war criminals is not enly a problem of law, but that of international political struggle, that is, the need of winning over Japan. Though the release of the Japanse war Crinunals achieved some positive results, the efpected goal was not attained on the whole. It shows that the success of a foreign policy must be set on the tasis of completely knowing and under standing the country concerned, but not according to one＇s own wishes and expectations. Furtermore,in the practice of international political struggle,leniency cannot attain the expected result without actual strength, and leniency will not be deemed as a virtue, but weakness.