外语课堂话语的多维视角分析

Multi-perspective Analysis to Foreign Language Classroom Discourse

文章从交际民俗学、会话分析、系统功能语法三个视角对外语课堂话语进行了描述和解释,揭示了外语课堂话语的特点。交际民俗学的研究分析参与者的实际会话要求,会话发生的情景信息以及参与者的感觉与理解。另外,它也关心对“语用”的感觉与理解,关注语用的社会事件对知识与个人关系、对社会异同的构建以及对学术方法互动的进展等所起的作用。会话分析一反传统的静态研究方法,将动态的会话分析理论引进课堂话语的分析,除了分析话语的序列结构,还考虑话语的语境因素和社会文化因素对意义的理解。系统功能学从功能的角度对课堂话语中的语码转换,人际意义及语篇的连贯等方面进行更深刻的研究。

This paper describes and interprets the characteristics in classroom discourse from the multi-perspectives of ethnography of communication （ EC ） , conversational analysis （ CA ） and systemic functional linguistics （SFL）. EC analyzes the participant＇ s actual accomplishment of the discourse, the perceptions and understandings of the participants, and contextual information of the discourse. On the contrary to the traditional static method of study, CA brings the dynamic analysis theory of conversation into the analysis of classroom discourse; besides considering the sequence structure of the utterance , it also focuses the contextual factors and cultural factors. SFL focuses more on the code-switch, the interpersonal meaning and the textual coherence.