黄河上游沙质滩地模拟飞播试验

Test on Simulating Aerial Seeding in Sands of Upper Reaches of Yellow River

在黄河龙羊峡段左岸沙地采用沙蒿、柠条、沙棘、芨芨草4种植物,沙障整地、沟整地、穴整地和不整地4个整地类型,7·5、15、20 g·kg-13个吸水剂含量种子处理,进行复因子设计模拟飞播试验,秋后进行随机抽样调查统计分析。结果表明:1)本次模拟飞播的植物平均出苗量为2 811株·hm-2,其中沙棘6·6 %、柠条0·1 %、沙蒿91·2 %、芨芨草1·2 %,表明沙蒿种子最适宜本区飞播,芨芨草可做搭配品种,沙棘、柠条应直播造林;2)随吸水剂含量增加,单位面积出苗量也随之增加;3)人工整地为飞播种子的萌发创造了条件,但是大面积整地也提高了飞播成本,沙蒿、芨芨草都是千粒质量极低的耐旱植物种,采用超低量飞播是非常经济的。

4 plant species arranged in groups were used in this; test, including Artemisia desertorum, Caragana tangutica, Hippophae rhamnoides and Achnatherum splendens, for simulating aerial seeding in sand of the upper reaches of Yellow River. 4 types of site preparation, i.e. barrier, ditch, hole and no preparation （CK） were selected. 7.5, 15, 20 g·kg^-1 contents of absorption agent were selected also for treating the seeds. Simulating aerial seeding was tested by multiple factor design on left bank sands of Longyangxia Yellow River, The survey and statistical analysis of the random samples were made after autumn. The results showed that the average emergence rate of various plant species was 2 811 seedlings per hectare in the test of aerial seeding, among which H. rhamnoides amounted to 6.6%, C. tangutica 0.1%, A. desertorum 91.2%, and 1.2% for A. splendens, indicating that the A. desertorum seeds were best suitable for aerial seeding in the experimental region, and A. splendens seeds could be used as species arranged in groups, and the seeds of H. rhamnoides and C. tangutica should be used in direct seeding planting. The emergence rate of aerial seeding increased with the increase in the amount of absorption agent. The artificial site preparation created a favourable eonditions for the germination of seeds by aerial seeding, however the cost of aerial seeding in a large area would be increased. Both A. desertorum and A. splendens are drought-enduring plants, and thousand kernels weight （TKW） of their seeds are extremely light. It is very economical to seeding them with ultra-low aerial seeding