幽默理论比较

The Comparison of Popular Humor Theories

长期以来,人们一直用较为流行的优越论、宽慰论和乖讹论来解释幽默。本文作者对这三种理论分别作了综合、全面的分析和比较,并指出:因他人的刻板和愚蠢而产生的“光荣感”只能在部分幽默中体现,因而远不能解释幽默产生的根本原因;因紧张的移除及心智,情感的节省而得到宽慰在心理学上缺乏科学的依据,因而值得怀疑,而长期受到压抑的冲动的宣释也只能解释那些与性和攻击有关的笑话,所以,宽慰论也是站在一个偏倚的角度来审视幽默;通过“双联”而产生的“乖讹”尽管找到了幽默的某些共性,但是它是一个模糊的术语,用它来解释一切产生幽默的情感,在某种程度上是空洞的、缺乏实质的。

For quite a long time, three humor theories, which are superiority theory, relief theory and incongruity theory, have been exploited to explain the humor. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of and comparison between them; and a conclusion is reached： originated from rigidity and follies of others, sense of ＇glory＇ is only felt in part of jokes, thus superiority is far from adequate to cover all types of humor; relief from lifting of tension or mental and emotional economy lacks psychologically scientific evidence, therefore deserves doubts; release of long suppressed impulses merely explain ＇smoking-room-type＇ jokes. As a result, it still stands in a biased position to look at humor; incongruity via ＇bisociation＇ , though it gasps some common features of humor, is a vague term used as a cover-all blanket for all feelings which are said to be the source of laughter, thus it is insubstantial to some extent.