从几个视觉动词看动态语义学的实质

An Investigation into the Nature of Dynamic Semantics from the Perspectives of Verbs of Vision

文章从几个典型的视觉动词入手,通过其特殊的语用行为考察动词语义结构中的动态成分,指出这些成分不仅本身具有动态特性,而且由于特定的语用因素如话语目的的改变,说话人的认知活动赋予动词新的语义成分或取消原有的语用限制,从而使看似不合法的语句合理化。因此,在考察动词语义时,一定要运用动态语义学的视点。

Some verbs of vision like gaze, see and stare may display pragmatic behaviors that deviate from the restrictions set by their semantic composition. By examining the semantics of these verbs this paper recognizes the dynamic nature of semantic features and the active role played by pragmatic factors such as the purpose of communication. The paper also points out interlocutors often apply their cognition to giving verbs new semantic components or invalidating existing pragmatic restrictions in an attempt to legalize anomalous utterances. Finally the paper recommends the use of a dynamic semantic viewpoint in studying the meaning of verbs.