不同环境条件下小麦氮代谢关键酶活性及籽粒品质

Enzyme activities in nitrogen metabolism of winter wheat and its grain quality under different environmental conditions.

研究了两种环境条件下3个不同蛋白含量小麦品种的氮代谢关键酶活性及籽粒品质的差异.结果表明,龙口试验点的小麦旗叶硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷胺酰氨合成酶(GS)和籽粒谷胺酰氨合成酶活性均显著高于泰安试验点,3个品种间的酶活性顺序均为:济麦20>优麦3号>PH971942.优质强筋小麦品种的籽粒综合品质性状在龙口试验点的表现优于泰安试验点.灌浆期环境因素与小麦籽粒品质和酶活性存在显著的相关性,灌浆期间的较高气温、适当干旱和寡照环境有利于提高小麦籽粒品质.龙口试验点的中、强筋小麦品种和泰安试验点的中筋小麦品种蛋白质含量与旗叶NR和GS活性均达显著正相关.小麦品种用途不同,对环境条件的要求不同,适宜的环境条件提高了氮代谢关键酶的活性,利于改善小麦品质.

The study with three wheat cuhivars grown in two places of Shandong Province showed that the nitrate reductase （NR） and glutamine synthetase （GS） activities in flag leaf and the GS activity in grain were in the sequence of Jimai 20 〉 Youmai 3 〉 PH971942, and higher in Longkou than in Taian. The strong gluten wheat cuhivars in Longkou had better grain qualities than those in Taian. There were significant correlations between the environ- mental factors at grain-filling stage and the grain qualities and enzyme activities of wheat. Higher temperature, moderate drought and less sunshine at grain filling stage were benefit to the grain qualities. The protein content of grain was positively correlated with the NR and GS activities in flag leaf for the medium and strong gluten wheat cuhivars in Longkou and for the medium gluten wheat cuhivars in Taian. Wheat cuhivars for different use needed different environmental conditions, while suitable environmental conditions could promote the enzyme activities in nitrogen metabolism of wheat, and thus, improve the qualities of wheat grain.