耕作与栽培方式对瓜类土壤细菌数量及枯萎病拮抗细菌分布的影响

Effects of cropping system and cultivation pattern on bacterial populations and anti-fusarium wilt bacteria in melon soils.

以新疆、福建和浙江等地采集的132份土壤样品为对象,利用平板计数和Biolog等方法研究了不同耕作与栽培制度下瓜类土壤细菌数量及瓜类枯萎病拮抗细菌的分布与主要类群.结果表明,瓜类耕作土壤中的可培养细菌种群数量平均为非耕作土壤的16.2倍,根际为根围的2.0倍,轮作为连作的3.5倍,未嫁接平均为嫁接的1.5倍;水旱轮作和嫁接处理的瓜类土壤易获得拮抗细菌,其中荧光假单胞菌是主要类群,占总数的80%以上.

A total of 132 soil samples were collected from Xinjiang, Fujian and Zhejiang provinces to study the effects of different cropping system and cultivation pattern on the amount of bacterial populations and the distribution of anti-fusarium wilt bacteria in melon soils. The results of plate counting showed that the amount of cuhurable bacteria was 15.2 times higher in melon soils than in uncultivated soil, 1.0 times higher in rhizosphere than in non-rhizosphere, 2. 5 times higher in the soil with rotation than in that with monoculture, and 0.5 times higher in the soil with non-graft than in that with graft. The Biolog determination of antiusarium wilt bacteria in melon soils showed that the soil with water-drought rotation or graft had more antagonistic bacteria, and more than 80% of them were classified as fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.