南中国海地区主要生态系统的退化现状与保育对策

Degradation of main ecosystems in South China Sea and corresponding conservation countermeasures.

南中国海是一个具有重要全球生物多样性意义的地区.由于长期不合理的开发利用,该区域生态系统显著退化,生物多样性严重丧失.南中国海沿岸各国红树林的年均损失率为0.5%～3.5%,海草床有20%～50%遭到破坏,珊瑚礁中有82%呈退化趋势.在对上述生态系统的利用现状、退化原因以及环境问题的跨境影响进行分析的基础上,提出了有效保护和管理南中国海的对策和建议,以期在双边或区域的层面上共同协作,采取适当措施扭转南中国海地区的生态系统退化趋势.

South China Sea is a significant area of global biological dive^ity. Due to the long-term unreasonable exploitation and utilization, the habitat there degenerates obviously, and the biodiversity loses seriously. The estimated annual loss of mangrove area ranges from 0.5% to 3.5% , and that of seaweed area is from 20% to 50%. A total of 82% of coral reefs in the Sea display evident degradation. In this paper, a trans-boundary diagnostic analysis of ecosystem degradation in South China Sea was conducted, with the focus on mangrove, seaweed and coral reef. Based on the analysis of the destruction state of the existing ecosystems as well as the main causes of habitat degradation and its trans-boundary impacts, some countermeasures on habitat conservation and management were put forward, aimed to promote the cooperation both at national and at regional levels to implement appropriate approach to reverse the ecosystem degradation trend in South China Sea.