生态足迹分析方法研究进展

Research progress on ecological footprint analysis.

作为可持续发展的指标,生态足迹模型得到了广泛的关注和应用.同时,对生态足迹理论和方法的研究也不断深化,出现了将生态足迹分析与物流能流分析、产品生命周期分析、投入产出分析相结合的适用于宏观和微观尺度的各种方法,尤其是最近出现了分配足迹到最终需求类型的“标准化”方法.本文介绍了生态足迹不同方法的产生情况,指出生态足迹分析方法分为过程分析和投入产出分析两套体系,并具体介绍了各种分析方法的特点、适用范围、研究进展和应用情况,建立了较为明晰的生态足迹发展的方法框架.针对当前国内外生态足迹方法的应用现状和趋势,提出重点把握3个方向:统一综合法在国家和区域尺度的研究;探索投入产出法、成分法等方法在国内的应用;加强时间序列研究和多情景预测分析.

Ecological footprint （EF） model, as an indicator of sustainability, has received broad attention and wide use. With the development and refinement of the research work on EF theory and methodology, it appeared various methods which can be applied at different scales. Ecological footprint analysis has been combined with material flow analysis, life cycle assessment or input-output analysis, and especially, the newest progress in EF methods called allocating EF to final consumption categories with input-output analysis helps to develop a ＂standardized＂ EF. In this paper, the underlying causes of these methods were interpreted theoretically, and the research methods were classified into progress analysis and input-output analysis （IOA）. In addition, the compound and component-based methods as well as IOA were introduced, with their respective features, application, and development progress discussed. A prospect on the development of EF in term of the tendency and application of EF methods in China and abroad was given, i. e. , the common framework should be built at the national and regional scales by using compound analysis, IOA and component-based analysis are expected to develop their application in China, and time series research and multi-scenarios analysis of EF forecast ability must be strengthened.