天津地热资源现状与可持续性开发利用问题

Discussion on the Sustainable Exploitation and Utilization of Geothermal Resources in Tianjin

天津地区地热资源十分丰富,至2005年底,已有地热井269眼,年开采量2 564万m3。但地热资源利用率最高为62.4%,地热尾水回灌率不到8%,是一种粗放的开发利用模式。笔者从实现地热资源可持续开发利用角度出发,针对天津地区不同热储层的特征,在阐述天津地热资源开发利用现状的基础上,针对所存在的缺乏统一规划、地热利用率低和回灌量少等问题,针对不同的开采类型区制订了相应的保护措施及保护目标,提出了分区管理、总量控制、强度控制、利用方式控制和优化配置的保护原则,为有限、宝贵的地热水可持续开发利用提供技术保证;并提出地热资源必须走回灌开发道路,增加回灌井,提高回灌率是实现地热资源可持续开发利用的重要保障。

Geothermal resources is very rich in Tianjin, and exploited about 25.64 Mm^3 every year. There has been 269 geothermal wells in the end of 2005. The highest use rate of geothermal resources is 62.4% and the re-injection rate of geothermal used water is less than 8%. Based on the present situation of geothermal development and the characters of different reservoirs, analyses the problems such as lacking of use plan, the low geothermal use rate and the less re-injection amount, some proper using ways are put forward in order to realize the continual exploitation use of geothermal resources in this paper. These measures include the subarea management, the control of capacity and intension and utilization mode and the optimal allocation. According to the principles and the type of exploitations, some measures and objects are established to protect the limited and valuable geothermal re-sources to be exploited continually in the future. The paper points out that increasing the re-injection wells and enhancing the re-injection rate is the important guarantee to implement the continual exploitation use of geothermal resources.