玉米穗部性状的遗传性研究

Genetic Study of Maize Ear Characters

采用增广NCⅡ设计,对玉米穗部性状进行了杂种优势、配合力分析及遗传模型测验。结果表明:穗粒重的杂种优势最大,穗行数的优势最小。所研究的5个性状均以加性基因效应为主,对穗行数、行粒数和穗粒重可在早代进行选择,对穗长和穗粗不宜进行早代选择。5个穗部性状均不符合加性-显性遗传模型,穗长存在着明显的加性效应;穗粒重、行粒数除显性效应外,还存在明显上位性效应;穗粗和穗行数存在着显著的显性效应,上位性效应不明显。

An experiment with the augmented NC Ⅱ design was conducted for investigating the heterosis, combining ability and genetic model of five characters of maize ears. The resuhs showed that heterosis the ear grain weight was the highest and heterosis the ear row number was the lowest. All characters are controlled by additive gene. The ear row number, grain number per row and ear grain may be selected in early generation; The ear length and ear diameter should be selected in later generation. The inheritance of the five characters of maize ears are not in accordance with additive-dominance model. The ear length had significant additive effect. The ear row number and ear grain weight had dominant and epistatic effect. The ear diameter and ear row number had significiant dominant effect.