喀斯特山区玉米高产栽培技术研究

Research on High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Maize in Karst Mountain Area

运用4因素5水平二次回归通用旋转组合设计方法,以玉米子粒产量为目标,种植密度及氮、磷、钾肥施用量为试验因子,研究了杂交玉米毕单9号子粒产量、主要经济性状与种植密度及氮、磷、钾肥施用量之间的关系。建立了相应的数学模型,模拟得出在黔西北喀斯特山区4月初播种育苗,采用单株定向移栽。玉米子粒产量≥8250kg/hm2的栽培技术方案为:种植密度57204～63708株/hm2,施N量291.92～357.71kg/hm2,施P2O5量187.35～232.65kg/hm2,施K2O量165.56～224.45kg/hm2。分析玉米子粒产量与主要经济性状间的关系表明,在保证单位面积有足够穗数的基础上,主攻穗长和粒重,增加穗粗和穗粒数,减小秃尖长,提高单穗粒重,对玉米实现高产具有积极地促进作用。

Using four-factor five-level quadratic regression universal rotary combination design, taking maize grain yield as goal, taking density and application rate of nitrogen phosphorus potassium as research test factors, we studied relations between grain yield, main economic characters of hybrid maize grain yield Bidan No.9 and planting density, application rate of nitrogen phosphorus potassium. We also set up mathematics model. By simulated test and optimality selection, we put forward cultivation techniques programme（maize grain yield ≥8 250 kg/ha）： sowing seed and raising seedlings early in April, adopting single plant directive transplanting, planting density is 57 204 - 63 708 plants/ha, N-application quantity is 291.92 - 357.71 kg/ha, P2O5-application quantity is 187.35 - 232.65 kg/ha, K2O-application quantity is 165.56 - 224.45 kg/ha. Analysising the relations between maize grain yield and main economic characters showed that increasing spike-length and grain-weight, raising spike-wide and grain-number per spike, reducing no-grain-axis length and improving grain-weight per spike all can promote maize yield if there are enough spikes per unit area.