孕早期感冒或发热与常见体表出生缺陷关系的病例对照研究

Maternal cold or fever and the risk of common external birth defects:a case-control study in Shanxi Province, China

目的 探讨母亲孕早期感冒发热与我国北方地区三类常见体表出生缺陷（神经管畸形、唇腭裂和四肢畸形）的关系。方法 资料来源于山西省平定、昔阳、太谷和泽州4县以人群为基础的出生缺陷病例对照研究。研究对象为2003年1月到2005年6月间在4县监测到的447例3类单发出生缺陷病例（神经管畸形326例、唇腭裂63例、四肢畸形58例）及同地区同期收集的505例无任何体表可见出生缺陷的正常对照。用非条件Logistic回归模型调整混杂因素。结果 与孕早期未患感冒发热的母亲相比，孕早期有过感冒发热的母亲生育NTDs、唇腭裂和四肢畸形的危险性（OR）分别为4．09（95％CI=2．64～6．32），3．04（95％CI=1．48～6．26）和1．37（95％CI=0．57～3．32）倍。结论 母亲孕早期感冒发热可显著增加子代发生神经管畸形和唇腭裂的危险性，而与四肢畸形的发生无显著关联。

Objective To explore the relation between maternal cold or fever during early pregnancy and risk of the three types of common external structural birth defects, neural tube defects, cleft lip or palate and limb birth defects. Methods Data was derived from a populationbased case-control study on birth defects in Shanxi province. The subjects included in this study were 447 common birth defects cases （326 cases of neural tube defects, 63 cleft lip or palate and 58 limb birth defects） ascertained during Jan 2003 and Jun 2005 in study areas and 505 normal controls randomly selected in similar residence during same period as cases. Results The risks of having a baby with neural tube defects, cleft lip or palate or limb birth defects were respectively 4.09 （95 % CI =2.64-6.32）, 3.04 （5 % CI=1.48-6.26） and 1.37 （95% CI=0.57-3.32） for mothers with cold or fever history during early pregnant period, Conclusion Maternal cold or fever during early pregnancy markedly increased the risk of offspring＇s neural tube defects and orofacial cleft, and was not significantly associated with the risk of offspring＇s limb birth defects.