千载此情同皎洁——论中国古代咏月诗的基本主题兼及诚斋的咏月诗

The Thousand Years of Feelings is as Bright and Clean as the Moon——On the Essential Themes of China's Ancient Poem and on the Poem of Intoning the Moon by YANG Cheng-zhai

中国古代咏月诗蔚为大观、源远流长,是中国古代诗的重要组成部分。咏月诗的基本主题可概括为四大类:表现思乡怀人、叹离伤别的情怀;探寻宇宙人生的奥秘和哲理;循月生发,展现对自然的热爱和浪漫主义的胜概豪情;微言大义,以明月关联社稷江山。而南宋诗人杨诚斋,对明月情有独钟。对其340余首诗作的自然意象的统计,月的意象就达七十次之多。

Ancient Chinese poems singing of the moon which presenting a splendid sight and is of long standing is the important component of Chinese ancient poems. The basic themes of poems singing of the moon can be summarized as four types ： the first type is to represent the feelings of homesickness and yearning for somebody as well as the plaint of leavetaking ; the second type is to inquire about the mystery of universe and the philosophy of life ; then the third type is to reflect the passion for nature and lofty sentiments of romanticism which are all derived from the moon; the last type is to sublime words with deep meaning. That is to say that poets relate the moon with the state. Furthermore, YANG Chengzhai who is a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty show great preference for moon. A good case in point is best provided by the statistics of the natural image to his more than 340 poems that showed that the image of the moon occurred amount to over 70 times.