无单放货问题的几种解决途径及其相关的法律问题

Solusions to the problems of releasing goods without original B/L and their relevant legal issues

无单放货问题被称为现代提单制度的“癌症”。国际贸易界为解决无单放货问题进行了多种尝试,其中对运输单证的设计与创新主要有三种:电放、海运单以及电子提单。文章简要介绍了“电放”及“海运单”形式在实践中的应用情况及其相关的法律问题,着重分析了电子提单形式的发展和电子提单法律制度的现状,并指出顺应时代发展要求,应用电子提单,建立完善的电子提单法律制度,应是海上运输单证的发展方向。

Releasing goods without presenting original B/L is regarded as a ＂Cancer＂ of the modern B/ L system. Currently, several tentative experiments on solving the problem are carried out. Among them,there are three kinds of innovations in transport documents： ＂telex release＂, seaway bill and electronic B/L. This paper briefly introduces ＂telex release＂ and sea way bill in practice and their relevant legal issues, analyses the development of electronic B/L and its current legal situation. Then the paper points out that in order to keep pace with the time the eclectronic B/L should be used, relevant laws be perfected, to meet the increasing demands of the marine transportation in the international trade.