船舶优先权的法律适用规则

Study on Applicable Rules of Maritime Liens in Comparative Perspective

受英国海商制度的影响,我国《海商法》第272条规定:“船舶优先权适用受理案件法院所在地的法律”,拟议中的《民法典》(草案)也承袭了这一规定。该项规定虽然简洁、明确,但却过于强调本国法的适用,容易造成不公平的审判结果。实际上,尽管各国船舶优先权制度的法律冲突严重,法律适用规则也相互歧异,但从总的发展趋势来看,船舶优先权的法律适用应当尽量摈弃本地法主义,用更为周密、完整的条文保护船舶优先权人的既得权。

Different jurisdictions have different attitudes towards the questions that which claims are secured by maritime liens and the order of being secured. The conflicts of law are obvious and serious. However, there is no generally accepted substantive convention. So the conflict of laws in different jurisdictions plays a very important role in governing the concerned cases. The trend of the conflict rules governing maritime lines is more complicated and precise to protect the vested rights. So the legislation of China adopting the principle of lex fori should be revised.