番茄吸收和积累Zn能力的品种间差异

Variations of Zn Absorption and Accumulation of 32 Tomato Varieties

以番茄为对象，探讨Zn污染对策品种（Zn—Pollution Safe Cultivar，简称Zn—PSC）存在的可能性和PSC育种的可行性，以防止污染物经食物链危害人类健康。通过缸栽试验研究了32个番茄品种不同器官在Zn污染的土壤中积累Zn能力的差异。研究表明：①在Zn胁迫（552mg·kg^-1）和对照中．番茄根、茎、叶和果实Zn吸收积累规律均为：根〉茎〉叶〉果实，番茄所有器官Zn质量分数均存在极垃著的品种间差异（P〈0．01），其中果实Zn质量分数的变异范围分别为1.58—5．83mg·kg^-1和0.29—0．78mg·kg^-1；②在Zn胁迫下，供试品种的果实Zn质量分数超标率仅为9．4％，说明番茄是不易受Zn污染的农作物种类，存在番茄的Zn—PSC；③番茄果实Zn质量分数品种效应的极显著性以及果实Zn质量分数的形态特征荚联性初步表明番茄果实的Zn积累特性具有一定的遗传基础，因而证明PSC育种是可行的。

As a strategy for controlling pollution of agricultural products, a method to use pollution safe eultivar （PSC） were conceptualized throughout this study. Thirty two varieties of tomato （ Lycopersicon esculentum）, including 28 common type and 4 cherry type varieties, were eropped under Zn eontaminated soil and control soil, which containing 552 mg·kg^-1 and 72. 8 mg·kg^-1 Zn, respectively. Zn concentrations in root, shoot, leaf and fruit and their biomass of the tested varieties were determined. Main results were shown as follows： ①The Zn concentrations in root, shoot, leaf and fruit among the tested varieties ordered as root 〉 shoot 〉 leaf 〉 fruit, and variations of Zn concentrations in different organs had extreme significance （ P 〈0. 01 ） under both Zn contaminated soil and control soil. Among that, the concentration in fruit varied from 1.58 to 5. 83 mg·kg^-1 and from 0. 29 to 0. 78 mg·kg^-1, respectively ; ②Under the Zn exposure, there were 3 varieties （9. 4% ） of all the tested varieties whose Zn concentration in fruit overrun the limitation of the National Food Sanitation Standard of China. Therefore, Zn contamination risk for the product of tomato is low even though the crop is planted in Zn contaminated soil and Zn -PSCs are existing under the Zn exposure conditions in this study ; ③Owing to the significant variation of Zn concentration in fruit among the tested varieties and the morphology dependent fruit Zn concentration, it is suggested that the accumulation of Zn in fruit is genotype dependent. The results indicated that PSC breeding should be feasible.