钦州市居民膳食营养与健康状况调查研究

Survey on Diet, Nutrition and Health Status Among Residents in Qinzhou City

目的了解钦州市居民膳食营养和健康状况,为合理膳食、改善营养提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样法,抽取钦州市钦南区3个街道办事处,6个居委会,525户,1925人,其中167户、565人进行膳食调查,用称重法获得每家庭调味品消费量,连续3d24h回顾法获得每人各类食物进食量;同时对调查对象分别进行了血压、身高、体重等体格检查和检测血红蛋白、血糖、血脂以及问卷调查等。结果每标准人日摄入能量为2334.9kcal;蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物摄入量分别为89.6、79.8、306.6g,提供能量的比例占14.2%、30.8%、55.1%;视黄醇、核黄素和硫胺素摄入量分别为919.7μgRE、1.0mg、1.3mg;钙、铁、钠摄入量分别为450.7、20.2mg和6133.6mg。动物性食物提供的蛋白质占50.2%,脂肪中动物性脂肪占72.3%。与营养相关疾病发生情况:营养不良率为9.9%,肥胖率为18.4%,超重率为3.9%,成人高血压患病率19.7%、糖尿病患病率5.7%、血脂异常率29.0%。结论钦州市居民营养状况较好,能量、蛋白质已得到满足,核黄素和钙的摄入量偏低,食盐和钠的摄入量明显偏高,脂肪提供能量偏高;肥胖、血脂异常、高血压、糖尿病等与营养有关的慢性非传染病正在严重影响该市居民的身体健康,因此通过健康教育和健康促进,倡导市民合理膳食和平衡营养十分必要。

Objective To understand the diet, nutrition and health status among the residents in Qinzhou City and to provide scientific evidence for improving the nutrition policies. Methods We used a stratified, cluster - randomized scheme to sample 3 street offices, 6 neighboring committees, 525 households and 1,925 persons in Qinnan District of Qinzhou City. Among them, 167 households and 565 persons were surveyed for diets. Household condiment consumption was obtained by weighing method and individual intakes of various kinds of foods by 3 days consecutive 24 - hour recalls. The study subjects underwent physical examination for blood pressure, height and weight and blood testing for hemoglobin, glucose and lipid assay at the same time. Results The average daily intake was 2,334.9kcal, protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes were 89.6g, 79.8g and 306.6g, accounted for 14.2 %, 30.8 %, and 55. 1 % of energy among the diet respectively. Retinol, riboflavin and thiamine intakes were 919.？ ;gRE, 1.0 mg and 1.3 rag; calcium, iron and sodium intakes were 450.？mg, 20.2 mg and 6,133. ？ mg i 50.2 % of protein and ？2.3 % of fat were from animal sources. The diet - related diseases were malnutrition （9.9%）, obesity （18.4%）, overweight （3.9%）, adult hypertension （19.7%）, diabetes （5.7%） and abnormal blood lipid （29.0 % ）. Conclusions The residents in Qinzhou had a good nutrition status with an adequate consumption of energy and protein. They had relatively lower intakes of retinol, riboflavin and thiamine but significantly excessive intakes of salt and sodium. Nutrition - related chronic non - communicable diseases such as obesity, abnormal blood lipid, hypertension and diabetes are becoming an important health problem. Therefore, advocating healthy diets and balanced nutrient through health education and promotion is essential to preventing chronic diseases.