法国现象学运动的新转折(上)

The New Turns of French Phenomenological Movement

新一代法国现象学家,自20世纪80年代以来,一方面不断对现象学自身及其历史,特别是对胡塞尔和海德格尔的原有理论和方法,发出“回问”(Rckfrage)、反思,甚至批判,另一方面,遵循“回到事物自身”(zudenSachenselbst)的原则,针对现实生活世界所遭遇的问题,试图开辟和扩大其理论视野,同时尝试改进原有的现象学方法,创造了新的“生命现象学”、“伦理现象学”及实现“现象学的神学转折”等一系列重大理论事件,不但使法国现象学运动本身发生新的重要转折,也引起当代整个法国哲学领域的重大争论,预示着法国哲学在新世纪的又一个创新高潮的到来。

The new generation of French phenomenologists, has incessantly posed, since the Eighties of the last century, the ＇Riickfrage＇ to the founders of phenomenology, to Husserl and Heidegger in particular, about the legitimacy of their principal theories and methods and, on the other hand, has enlarged, faced on the real problems issued from the ＇Lifeworld＇, their theoretical horizons, created a new ＇phenomenology of life＇, ＇phenomenology of ethics＇, and realized a ＇theological turn＇, so that the French phenomenological movement, by virtue of its constant self-renewal and inner awakening from time to time, keep always alive, through the renovation of its fundamental motives and basic problem.