如何从政治哲学的角度重新理解培根与笛卡尔

How to Reread Bacon and Descartes from the Point of View of Political Philosophy

从政治哲学的角度来看,培根和笛卡尔都通过某种开创性的努力完成了从古典的政治哲学向现代政治哲学的转向;而且这种转向又是通过对柏拉图之“理想国”的前提进行反转和重新奠基而实现的。就培根而言,他主要促发了现代性的三方面的推动力:一是智力的解放,再是一种新的科学探究精神的形成,最后是一种新的乌托邦的构想,总之,都与现代的科学技术相关。笛卡尔则论证了一种新的理性概念,并以之为现代的伦理学奠定了一个新的根基。

From the point of view of political philosophy, Bacon and Descartes, with their great efforts, accomplished the transition from the classic political philosophy to the modern political philosophy. This kind of transition is realized by reversing and re-establishing the premise of Plato＇s Utopia. To Bacon, he initiated three impetus of the modernity, including the liberty of the intellectuality, new spirit of scientific research and the new dream of the Utopia. In a word, all these impetus were related to the scientific technology. However, Descartes demonstrated a new concept of reason. He established the new basis of the modern ethnics.