云南东川小江流域生态环境初探及保护对策

Probe into Ecological Environment and Measures for Protection of Xiaojiang River

小江流域位于云南省东北部,流域面积3 040 km2,是长江上游水土流失最严重,生态环境最恶劣,地质灾害最频繁的区域之一。东川生态环境恶化的主要表现:泥石流灾害严重,小江流域泥石流分布广泛,爆发频繁,严重危害着农业、城镇、铁路、公路及农田建设;植被破坏导致生态功能退化,引发泥石流、水土流失等重大自然灾害;土地荒漠化现象严重,造成土壤的理化性质、生物化学特性恶化,肥力下降,耕地生产力低下,农民生活贫困,经济收入拮据。面对生态环境的恶化,东川人民强烈认识到不能以牺牲环境为代价换取经济的一时增长,以小江流域为单元进行综合治理,做到生物措施、工程措施和农业技术措施相结合,使生态环境逐步得到改善。但是在生态环境治理过程中也存在一些问题,诸如林型、树种单一,人口增长过快,陡坡耕作,缺乏统一的管理等等。认识并解决这些问题是今后小江流域生态治理的关键。

The ecological environment destruction and renovation in Xiaojiang River of Dongchuan region, Yunnan Province is analyzed. Xiaojiang River has become a river with worst ecological environment, debris-flow disaster, strongest soil erosion and so on. The execrable ecological environment induces debris-flow disaster and soil erosion, simultaneously, debris-flow disaster and soil erosion also make ecological environment worse. The worst ecological environment severely threaten people＇s lives of Dongchuan region. They gradually understand that the economic development can＇t build at the base of degenarated ecological environment. Since establishing the new China, the people of Dongchuan region made great efforts to resume the ecological environment. The ecological environment of Xiaojiang River has changed in a certain extent. But there are many problems in resuming ecological environment. For example, the surival rate of forest always keeps at a low level; debris-flow disaster and soil erosion frequently happen. Accordingly, some advice are given at the last.