从晚明以来文学思潮看船山诗论的实质

The Essence of Chuanshan's Poetics Revealed in the Literary Trends of Thought Since the Late Ming Dynasty

明代文坛,模拟之习相仍,学古者相率为伪,反对者流于俚俗。针对修辞立诚传统丧失、古雅精神衰微的现状,王夫之提出了崇古尚雅的主张。同时,崇尚个性思想的发展冲击着儒家的理论体系,为了挽救道学家诗论的危机,王夫之倡言诗歌抒写情志以适应时代的发展,以为诗歌是诗人情感与礼乐精神的体现,把兴、观、群、怨看作“四情”,确立了把《诗》中“四情”作为衡量诗歌是否雅洁的准则;其实质,是要求诗人发扬《风》、《雅》比兴反映现实的传统,肩负起载道的使命。

During the Ming Dynasty. copycatting and pseudograph on great litterateurs are the rage in literary field, While the opponents hanker for otherwise vulgar literary style. Seeing the rhetoric tradition fading and the elegance-pursuit ethos declining, Wang Fuzhi insists on regaining the classical elegance. As the individuality-seeking thought poses a threat to Confucian theoretical system. Wang Fuzhi, to save the Taoist poetics out of crisis, puts forward his idea of conveying sentiment and aspiration to suit social advance. He not only advocates that poetry should convey authors＂ feelings and elegant spirit hut also considers Xing. Guan. Qun and Yuan as ＂four emotions＂ .which is deemed as the golden rule for elegant poems, Actually. Wang Fuzhi calls for people to produce moral-bearing works via employing rhetorical devices of Bi or Xing which commonly appear in poetry collections of Feng and Ya.