旅客列车空调硬座车厢内热舒适性研究

Research of Thermal Comfort in Railway Passenger Cars

空调车内气流组织研究是车厢内环境控制的基础,合理的气流组织可有效地改善乘客的热舒适性。采用k-ε湍流模型,对载客车厢内三维空气流场和温度场进行了数值计算,在此基础上利用PMV(Predicted MeanVote)指标分析了车厢内人体热舒适性。计算结果表明:在现有的条缝送风条件下,除车厢中部和两端外,车厢内气流分布比较均匀;由于回风口位于车厢两端,车厢中部和端部PMV分布不同,端部人体热舒适感较好,中部较差;座位区由于人员集中和受太阳照射的影响,温度较高,PMV值偏大;过道区温度适中,人体热舒适感较好。研究结果对空调车内气流组织优化设计和改善人体热舒适环境有一定参考价值。

The air flow organization research is the basis of environment control in railway air-conditioned passenger cars. Reasonable air flow organization can effectively improve the thermal comfort of passengers. Based on the k-ε turbulence model, the three-dimension airflow and temperature fields in passenger cars are calculated numerically, and the thermal comfort of passengers is analyzed by the PMV index. The results show： The existing air delivery mode makes the interior flow distribution homogeneous except for the middle and two end parts of the car; the air return ducts are located at the two end parts of the car and PMV distributions differentiate between the middle and the end parts of the cars, so the thermal comfort in the middle is inferior to that in the end parts; the temperature is high and the PMV index is large in the seat zone as the result of crowded passengers and solar radiation; the temperature is moderate and the thermal comfort is good for passengers in the passageway zone. The results have guiding significance in optimizing design of air flow organization and improving the thermal comfort environment in air-conditioned passenger cars.