电爆制备超细粉的方法以及过程参数对制备的影响

Preparation of ultra-fine powders with electrical explosion and influence of process parameters to it

利用金属丝脉冲放电的爆破过程，可制备出纯度高、化学活性高的金属超细粉．研制了一种金属丝电爆实验装置．采用不同的过程参数进行了电爆铜丝试验，制备出铜及氧化铜超细粉，研究了电爆过程参数对粉末粒度和形态的影响．激光粒度测试的粉末平均粒径为0．5μm，粒度分布为0．2～0．8μm；扫描电镜的粉末微观形态为球形和多面体．通过调节过程参数放电初始电压、储能电容的电容量、金属丝的几何尺寸和放电回路中的电感，可提高金属丝发生电爆时的能量密度和瞬时功率，从而使粉末粒径减小．

Highly pure and active metallic ultra-fine powders could be prepared by means of explosion process caused by pulsed discharge of metallic wire. An experimental apparatus for wire explosion was designed and fabricated. Copper wire explosion experiments were carried out with a variety of process parameters to prepare the ultra-fine powder of Cu and CuO. The effects of process parameters of wire explosion on the grain-size and shape of the powder were studied. The grain-size measured by laser sizing was dis tributed over the range from 0. 2μm to 0. 8 μm with average diameter of 0. 5μm. The SEM images of the powders took the shape of sphere and polygon. By adjusting the process parameters such as charging voltage, capacitance, diameter of wire and inductance of discharging circuit, the energy density and the instantaneous power of wire explosion could be increased and finer powder could be obtained.