基于居民移动—活动行为的城市空间研究

TRAVEL-ACTIVITY BASED RESEARCH FRAME OF URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE

在以人为本及后现代思潮的大背景下,人文地理学研究越来越关注个体人的行为以及生活质量问题,基于居民移动-活动行为的城市空间研究正成为人文地理及城市规划学等学科的焦点。论文在对城市活动空间研究及城市交通出行研究中的问题进行梳理的基础上,提出一个基于居民移动-活动行为的城市空间研究新框架,强调行为与空间之间的互动关系,强调RP法和SP法的结合,强调现实行为、现实空间与理想行为、理想空间之间的和谐。

Along with the humanistic and post-modernistic trend of thought, Western human geography has paid much attention to substantial issues about human being as well as its society. Social factors such as culture, institute, psychology, rather than those related to physical and economic environment, are gradually becoming the main focus of researches on human geographic phenomenon. Accordingly, studies of urban space have turned their perspectives from physical to social and behavioral space. Meanwhile, the study object has also emphasized much more on social significance of improving daily life instead of economic growth. There in, travel-activity behaviors as well as urban activity system, which provide a new approach to urban life, began to draw more and more research interest in related fields of urban study. Travel-activity based research traces back to Chapin＇s urban activity system. It refers to urban residents＇ daily activities, such as commuting, shopping etc., spaces where these take place constitutes so-called ＂urban travel-activity space system＂. Such concepts comprise urban activities and their relationships, thus help to not only understand mutuality of different parts in the city, but also make sound planning of urban facilities to improve urban life. Especially, this approach has contributed much to the development of urban transportation. Travel is regarded as the derived demand of activity. Besides, urban transportation problems can be addressed from both macro space and micro individual behavior and from both time and space dimensions. This paper tries to propose a research framework of urban space based on travel-activity. In the new framework, the interaction between travel-activity behavior and urban space is the research focus. Studies of urban space stress on institutional analysis of physical and functional space, while studies of residents＇ behavior draw more on choice behavior in the socio-economic context. Such research tries to derive ideal behavior and urban space from realistic ones by understanding their connection mechanism, and also to make clear the rule of urban space change on the reflection on individual and household level. To implement this very frame work multiple disciplines as well as different methods and teclanologies are needed.