先秦时代“得”的语法化

The Grammaticalization of the Chinese Character "得" During the Pre-Qin Period

先秦时期“得”从及物动词转化为助动词,是“得”字发展史上的第一次重要演变。在这一语法化过程中,“得+谓词”语境是“得”语法化的句法条件;从“行域”到“知域”的隐喻作用是重要的认知基础;在语法格式“主语+助动词+谓词”的强大类推作用下,“得”语法化为助动词。

The conversion from a transitive verb into an auxiliary verb during the Pre - Qin period was the first important development in the evolution of the Chinese character “得” . The article discusses the grammadcalization of the Chinese character “得” in terms of the following three factors： （1）the linguistic context of the Chinese character “得 ＋ predicate” is the syntactic condition of the grammaticalization; （2） the function of metaphor from ＂behavioural sphere＂ to ＂cognitive sphere＂is the important cognitive basis; （3） the strong analogizing function of the grammatical pattern＂ ＂subject ＋ auxiliary verb ＋ verb phrase＂ makes the Chinese character “得” to change into an auxiliary verb.