中国能源效率的地区差异与节能潜力分析

Regional Differences in China's Energy Efficiency and Conservation Potentials

能源效率的区域差别与国际差别有着根本的不同,前者是当前的技术经济水平下通过采取措施可能实现的节能潜力。以国内最高能源效率为比较标准计算中国的节能潜力不仅比以国际先进水平为标准更符合实际,而且还可以做到能源资源公平合理地配置。中国能源效率较高的省市主要集中在东南沿海地区,能源效率最低的地区主要是煤炭资源比较丰富、以煤炭消费为主的内陆省区。提高中国的能源效率需要改变目前地区自我平衡的能源配置方式,使能源流向效率高的地区。各地区在制定节能措施时既要考虑影响能源效率的一般性因素,也要考虑本地区的特殊因素,另外,中国也不能不分地区地实行同一节能降耗的目标。

At the current economic and technological level, the regional disparity in energy efficiency within a country differs from the international disparity in that it entails energy saving potentials that can be tapped if appropriate means are employed. China＇s energy-saving potential rate, calculated by comparing it with the highest domestic energy efficiency rate, not only is more compatible with reality than if it is compared with the advanced world level, but also makes it possible for allocating resources on a sound footing. Most of the nation＇s energy efficient provinces are found along the coast of southeast China, while most of its least energy efficient provinces are in the hinterland that is rich in coal resources and depends heavily on coal consumption. It is imperative to rectify the behaviors of provinces in balancing local energy allocation, to channel energy resources to energy efficient provinces, and to improve national energy efficiency as a whole. When taking energy-saving steps,provinces must take into full consideration both national and local factors that affect energy efficiency. Furthermore, it is unrealistic for China to set a unified energy saving goal for different provinces.