技术效率、资本深化与地区差异——基于随机前沿模型的中国地区收敛分析

Technical Efficiency, Capital Deepening and Regional Disparity

本文提出了基于随机前沿生产函数的地区增长差异分析框架,将各地区劳均产出差距分解为劳均资本差异、经济规模差异和全要素生产率差异三个部分。利用改革时期的省级数据,本文发现尽管要素投入仍然是中国经济增长的主要源泉,但全要素生产率是造成地区差异的重要原因,在地区劳均产出差异中的贡献份额不断提高,将成为今后中国地区增长差异的主要决定力量。而且,1990年以来中国地区全要素生产率呈现出绝对发散趋势,严重的技术扩散壁垒加剧了体制转轨过程中的“马太效应”,短期内地区差距不会随经济发展而缩小,政府需要通过适当的政策对地区发展进行调节,尤其要促进地区间技术扩散,使各地区更好地分享技术创新和体制创新的成果。

Based on the stochastic frontier production function model, this paper develops a methodology to measure the gap of total factor productivity between regions by parametrical estimation and decompose the regional disparity to capital deepening effect, regional scale effect and technical efficiency effect. The application on China province-level data from 1978 to 2004 indicates TFP and capital can explain most part of the regional income disparities, and the contribution of the latter after 1990 grows up quickly as that of the fore goes down. The convergence tests also show that TFP is diverging much larger than capital per labor and has became the main reason for the regional disparity of China.