油菜根系分泌物对不同作物幼苗生长的化感效应

Allelopathic effects of rape root exudates on growth of seedlings of different crops

在实验室采用发芽试验的方法研究了油菜Brassicacampestris根系分泌物对小麦、油菜、蚕豆和玉米种子活力、幼苗生长发育及生理生化特性造成的化感效应。结果表明,油菜根系分泌物的化感累加作用对不同作物种子发芽率、幼苗芽长、芽质量、根长、根质量、根系活力以及幼芽过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均具有显著影响,其化感效应对小麦的影响程度最弱,其中对小麦的种子发芽率、幼苗根长、芽干物质量、POD活性和根系活力以及各作物幼芽细胞膜的毒害程度均表现出促进作用,而对小麦幼苗其它生长特性以及油菜、蚕豆和玉米幼苗的所有生长特性均表现为抑制作用,表明油菜根系分泌物对不同作物及不同生长特性的化感效应具有不同的选择性。因此,合理搭配油菜作物的间、套、轮作是其夺取优质、高产栽培的关键技术。

Through germination experiment in the laboratory, allelopathic effects of rape （ Brassica campestris ） root exudates on seeds activities, seedlings growth and physiological-biochemical characters of wheat, rape, faba-bean and maize have been studied. The results showed that the addictive effects of rape root exudates had significant influences to seeds germination percentage, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, peroxidase （POD） activities, malondialdehyde （MDA） content and root activities in seedlings of the different 4 crops. The allelopathic effects of rape root exudates were the weakest to wheat seedlings, and they had a promoting effect on germination percentage, root length, shoot dry weight, POD activities and root activities of wheat and biological destroyed degree of cells membrane in seedlings of all crops, but had an inhibition effect on other growth characters of wheat and all growth characters of rape, faba-bean and maize seedlings. It was concluded that the allelopathic effects of rape root exudates had different selectivity on different crops and different growth characters. Therefore, the key planting techniques for high quality and output of rape are adopting correct intercropping and rotating of crops.