丛枝菌根-植物修复重金属污染土壤研究中的热点

Hotspots in arbuscular mycorrhiza-assisted phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils

随着菌根研究和植物修复技术的发展,利用丛枝菌根强化重金属污染土壤的植物修复逐渐受到人们的重视。本文系统综述了当前的几个研究热点:(1)菌根植物吸收和转运重金属的分子机制;(2)AM真菌对超富集植物重金属吸收的影响及其机制;(3)AM真菌对转基因植物重金属吸收的影响及其机制;(4)AM真菌与其他土壤生物在植物修复中的复合作用;(5)丛枝菌根与化学螯合剂在植物修复中的复合作用;(6)重金属复合污染土壤的丛枝菌根-植物修复;(7)放射性污染土壤的枝菌根-植物修复;(8)丛枝菌根-植物修复的田间试验研究。在未来的丛枝菌根-植物修复研究中,要筛选优良的宿主植物和与之高效共生的AM真菌,加强相关理论和应用基础研究,并构建高效基因工程菌。

With the development of mycorrhiza and phytoremediation techniques, the application of arbuscular mycorrhiza （AM） to enhance phytoremediation efficiency has attracted more and more attention. The present hotspots in AM-assisted phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils include that, （l） the molecular mechanisms that AM fungi regulate heavy metal uptake and translocation; （2） the effect and mechanism of AM fungi on heavy metal uptake of hyperaccumulators; （3） the effect and mechanism of AM fungi on heavy metal uptake of transgenic plants; （4） the combination of AM fungi and other beneficial microorganisms; （5） the combination of AM fungi and chelators; （6） AM-assisted phytoremediation of polymetallic soils; （7） AM-assisted phytoremediation of radio-contaminated soils; and （8） demonstration of AM-assisted phytoremediation in field. In the future AM-assisted phytoremediation, preferable host plants and the effective associations and the relative theoretical and applied study need to be strengthened, and effective genetically-engineered AM fungi need to be constructed.