木材中硅石初探

Preliminary studies on silica in wood

很多木材细胞中含有少量的二氧化硅、草酸钙、碳酸钙等无机晶体,这些无机物质在木材中起到了提高木材本身机械强度、物理强度,克服木材自身缺陷(如:易腐性、易燃性、尺寸不稳定性、各向异性、变异性、不耐候性)等优点,在结构上这些无机物质与其木材本身构成了一种复合材料,即木材—无机质复合材料.随着材料科学的进步和发展,材料复合化已成为当代材料科学发展的前沿.生物矿化采用有生命的活立木为研究对象,将研究对象从“死”细胞变为“活”材料,为木材传统改性向木材生物改性发展找到了一个契入点.所以要实现木材/无机质生物矿化复合材料的人工模拟,大量地开发该新型材料,其关键还是探讨木材中无机硅石的分布、形态、以及含量等相关情况,从而获取生物矿化所形成的木材/无机质结构复合材料的形成机理,以此来指导木材的生物改性或木材/无机复合材的仿生模拟.因此文中主要对生物矿化木材中矿物质的形状、分布及其含量进行了探讨,以便成功地进行木材/无机质复合材料生物矿化的人工模拟.

There are many wood cells which contain a small amount inorganic crystal such as silicon dioxide, calcium oxalate, calcium carbonate and so on. These inorganic crystals play role in improving the physical properties and mechanical proprerties and overcoming the limitations of wood such as the rotten property, flammability, instability of size, anisotropy, variability, nonendureing to weather change. Structure-wise, wood and inorganic crystal constitute a composite material, that is, wood-inorganic composite material. With the progressing and development of material science, the material composition ization has been becoming the forward of the moden material science development. The living woods have been adopted as research subjects of biomineralization. And the research subjects are become the living material from dead material. This opens up a cut-in point for wood traditional modification to wood biological modification. So the key to realize the modeling of wood-inorganic materials and open up largely these new materials is to discover how the inorganic materials distribute, what shapes the inorganic materials are and how many they are. On this base, the formation mechanisms of wood-inorganic compositions are got by biomineralization. Then this mechanism is used to guide the modeling of wood-inorganic compositions. So in this paper the form, distribution and content of inorganic materials have been researched for the modeling of the wood-inorganic materials by biomineralization successfully.