不同土地利用类型对城市地表温度的影响——以广东东莞为例

Impact of Land Use on Urban Land Surface Temperature——A Case Study of Dongguan,Guangdong Province

利用Landsat TM6热红外遥感数据、土地利用专题图件、气象观测资料反演了快速城市化的典型地区东莞市的城市地表温度。构建了三个热效应评价指数：热效应贡献度指数、热像元权重指数和区域热像元权重指数，来定量分析不同土地利用类型对城市地表温度的贡献度，发现城乡工矿居民用地、林地和耕地的热效应贡献度较大，水域和草地的热效应贡献度较小，未利用地对区域热环境的贡献最小。此外，研究表明，随着平均温度的升高，东莞市水面和陆面1988～1998年的温度反差明显增大。

As a typical city of rapid urbanization, the urban land surface temperature of Donggnan City was retrieved through interpretation of Landsat TM6, combined with land use map and meteorological observational data, and three thermal effect estimating indices （thermal effect contribution index, thermal pixels proportion index, regional thermal pixels proportion index） were designed to discuss the impact of various types of land use on urban thermal environment, which shows that urban and rural construction land for industry and residence take an important role, while water area and grassland gives little impact, and the thermal contribution of heath land to regional thermal environment is the least one. The result of the three indices also proved that it maybe untrue if we only consider the contribution of average temperature to urban thermal environment. The research also shows that the average temperature in winter had obviously been increased from 1988 to 1998 in Dongguan, and the land surface temperature was 2.21℃ in 1998 higher than that of 1988 ,while the water surface temperature had been changed little（0.76℃）, in a word, the difference in surface temperature between water surface and land surface rise sharply as the average temperature rising from 1988 to 1998.