胎儿股骨次级骨化中心的组织学特征

Histological characteristics of secondary ossification center in fetus femur

为观察软骨骺内次级骨化中心与软骨管的关系,及次级骨化中心初始形态结构。实验于2004-09/2005-12在河北医科大学第三医院骨科研究所完成,对胎龄25,30,35周女性胎儿右侧股骨远、近端包括部分骨干的软骨骺标本,用苏木精-伊红染色方法,制成解剖形态完整的切片,光镜观察。结果①胎龄25周的股骨远、近端均未发现组织学上的骨化中心;在软骨骺内,出现数目较多的软骨管。②胎龄30周的股骨远端,骨化中心呈现团块状成群的骨原细胞和成骨细胞,嗜碱性的类骨质填充于细胞间;骨化中心部位包含数条软骨管组织,动脉壁较薄,管腔窄小,腔内含有红细胞,其旁还可见一些壁薄不规则的管腔结构,无内容物,为静脉腔和毛细淋巴管;在骨化中心以外的地方,软骨管的管径比骨化中心内的软骨管明显粗大。③胎龄35周的股骨远端,出现已骨化的骨化中心,位置靠近干骺端,骨小梁清晰;骨化中心部位未见软骨管组织,在骨化中心周围的软骨骺内,软骨管的数目明显较少。④胎龄30,35周的股骨近端均未发现组织学上的骨化中心。说明胎儿股骨远端次级骨化中心初始时其内存在软骨管,软骨管对次级骨化中心的形成起作用。

To observe the correlativity between secondary ossification center and cartilage canals in cartilage epiphysis and the initial morphosis of the secondary ossification center. The experiment was performed at the Institute of Department of Orthopaedics, Third Hospital, Hebei Medical University from September 2004 to December 2005. The samples of cartilage epiphysis at distal and proximal femur parts included some femoral shaft of induced female fetuses were carried out histological examination with HE stain. The female fetus ages were respectively 25, 30 and 35 weeks. All samples were prepared into intact anatomic sections and observed under light microscope. Results： （1）No secondary ossifications at distal and proximal femur parts were observed in histological examination in fetus age of 25 weeks, but a lot of cartilage canals were found in cartilage epiphysis. （2）At the distal part of femur in fetus age of 30 weeks, a cluster of lump-like osteogenic cell, osteoblast and basophlous osteoid filled among cells appeared at the secondary ossification center. Some cartilage canals arteries, thin veins, marrow lumina and akaryocytes in cavitary were observed in the ossification centers. Besides the arteries, were veins, lymphatic vessels, which were empty, thin and irregularity tubes. Outside the ossification center, the calibre of cartilage canals was obviously thicker than the ones in it. （3） An ossified ossification and clear bone trabeculae surrounded with bone cells appeared in fetus age of 35 weeks, which were near metaphysis. No cartilage canals were observed in the ossification center, and the cartilage canals around the ossification center were markedly few. （4） There were no similar structure of ossification center in proximal femur in fetus age of 30 and 35 weeks. It was concluded that the cartilage canals of fetus play great roles in formation of secondary ossification center and exist in primary secondary ossification center.