焦炭与重质油共气化联产烯烃技术研究

Foundational study of coke & heavy oil co-gasifying process to produce light olefins and synthesis gas

针对中国乙烯、丙烯等低碳烯烃生产原料供需日益尖锐的矛盾和重质油利用技术的不足，提出焦炭与重质油共气化联产烯烃技术。阐述了焦炭与重质油共气化联产烯烃的技术原理及过程设计，并以固定床为反应器，焦炭和常压渣油为原料进行实验模拟。结果表明，当裂解温度为750℃-800℃，停留时间r〈0．5S时，渣油在焦炭介质中裂解，其低碳烯烃含量最高；渣油在模拟气化裂解区、750℃下裂解时，得到出口气体中低碳烯烃（C2H4＋C3H6）、烷烃（CH4＋C2H6）及合成气（H2＋CO）的体积分数分别为20％、28％及46％。应用扫描电镜观察了焦炭介质表面上结焦生成物的形貌，发现通氧气后结焦生成物残留量较少。实验模拟结果证明，焦炭与重质油共气化技术可以制备低碳烯烃并联产合成气，且能有效地解决重质油裂解造成的结焦问题。

Light olefins, such as ethylene and propylene, are mostly used to produce plastics, fibers and other chemicals. In views of the supplement and demand contradiction of light olefins, and the utilizing problems of heavy oil in China, coke and heavy oil co-gasifying process was proposed. The principle of the process was introduced in this paper. In a fixed bed reactor, coke and Shengli residue were mixed and tested. The results indi- cate that the contents of light olefins can be obtained in maximal value when the temperature is in 750℃- 800℃ and the residence time is less than 0.5 s. When the residue pyrolysis in the atmosphere of gasifying and pyrolysis zone with a temperature of 750℃, the contents of light olefins （ C2H4 ＋ C3H6 ）, alkanes （ CH4 ＋ C2H6 ） and synthesis gas （H2 ＋ CO） are 20%, 28%, and 46% , respectively. The SEM images of produced coke were observed, and it shows that the produced coke can be consumed completely by blowing oxygen. The above results show that the coke and heavy oil co-gasifying process to produce light olefins and synthesis gas together has no coking problem.