政令与民俗——以民国年间废除阴历为中心的考察

Political Measures and Folk Customs——An Investigation of Abolishing Lunar Calendar in the Republican Period

民国纪元之始,即下令废除阴历,颁行阳历。然整个民国时期,阴、阳历法事实上并行。阴历废而不止,表面上缘由在于阴历与民情习惯的调适,深层的根源则是阴历作为民俗“以传统的力量捍卫传统”,故远不是一纸政令就能取消的。阳历虽然经过政令的发布、推行在法律上得以确立。然阴历凭借民众习俗这一强大、丰腴、潜在的社会土壤始终存在,至今不衰。其中,政令与民俗之关系发人深思。

Since the foundation of the Republic of China, an order of abolishing lunar year was made and solar year was adopted. But in fact, the two systems were used together during the whole the Republican period. Lunar year, as a traditional weapon used to ＂protect the tradition＂, was stilled used rather than replaced. Though the solar year has been emphasized by political documents, also known by the public and supported by the law, it can only exist together with the lunar year on the good basis of powerful social influence. Among these facts, we can dig out some deep relationship between folk customs and other political measures.