对外汉语词典编纂中的语用原则

Pragmatic Principles in Compiling Dictionaris of Chinese as a Foreign Language

从语言理解最佳关联的角度,可以看到对外汉语词典编纂中的不足主要是:词条解释过于生僻;汉英解释和英汉解释不一致;义项选择区别性不强;文化意义阐释不足;示例不够浅近、典型,书面语过多,时代色彩过于陈旧;例句过少或缺失;例句未按语法分布特点编排;词典的规模过小;例句的趣味性、针对性不强等。必须有针对性地制定相应的语用对策,解决这些问题。

This paper analyzes the shortcomings in compiling dictionaries of Chinese as a foreign language from the perspective of optimal relevance in comprehending languages. We may find in the dictionaries esoteric explanations for some entries, inconsistencies between the translations from Chinese to English and the translations from English to Chinese, not clearly distinguished meaning of some items, insufficient interpretation of cultural meanings, incomprehensible and atypical examples, too many written language items, outdated examples, no or few examples for some words, arrangement of examples without considering grammatical distributions, too small scale, and unappealing or irrelevant examples, etc. Some pragmatic measures must be taken to deal with these problems accordingly.